Because each cut has the potential to change the growth of a tree, no branch should be removed without first establishing clearly defined objectives.  Several pruning methods can be used to meet the desired objectives.

Removing the correct stems and branches to accomplish specific goals is as important as making correct pruning cuts.  If the wrong branches, or too many branches removed, even if proper pruning cuts are used, nothing of merit has been accomplished.

Pruning goals must consider tree growth and development and the effects on the tree over the long term.

Objectives include:

Heading cuts are used on the trunk and/or large-diameter branches of trees to reduce height or spread.  This substandard practice, called heading or topping, is not recommended because it damages trees permanently.  Heading large-diameter branches causes many problems, including massive decay in many species and many dead branch stubs (Gilman and Know, 2004)

Here are some major problems directly related to heading (topping) trees in the landscape:

“If a tree needs regular pruning to keep it small, perhaps the wrong species was selected for the site” (An Illustrated guide to pruning third addiction, Edward F. Gilman)